When it comes to basic medicines for children, there are a few common over-the-counter (OTC) medications that parents and caregivers might use to treat minor illnesses or conditions. However, it’s important to always consult with a healthcare professional before giving any medicine to children, as the right treatment and dosage depend on the child’s age, weight, and specific symptoms. Here are some common types of basic child medicines:
1. Pain and Fever Relief:
Acetaminophen / Paracetamol
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever in children. It is generally safe when given in the correct dose based on the child’s age and weight.
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips
- Measure carefully using a dosing syringe or cup (not a regular spoon).
- Do NOT exceed the maximum daily dose to prevent liver damage.
- Check all medications to avoid giving another drug that also contains acetaminophen.
- Consult a doctor if fever lasts more than 3 days or pain persists more than 5 days.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a pain reliever and fever reducer that belongs to the NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) family. It is commonly used for:
Fever Pain relief (toothache, sore throat, muscle pain, headache) Inflammation (swelling from injury, ear infections)
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tip
Give with food or milk to reduce stomach upset. Do NOT use in babies under 6 months unless prescribed by a doctor. Avoid if your child has asthma, stomach ulcers, or kidney problems. Do NOT combine with other NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, naproxen).
2. Cold and Cough Medicines:
Saline Nasal Spray
Saline nasal spray is a safe and natural way to relieve nasal congestion in babies and children. It helps: Loosen mucus and clear nasal passages Relieve stuffy noses caused by colds, allergies, or dry air Keep nasal passages moist, especially in dry environments
How Often to Use It
As needed (before feeding, sleeping, or when the nose feels blocked). Safe to use multiple times a day since it contains no medication.
Safety Tips
Do NOT use medicated nasal sprays (e.g., decongestants) for children under 6 years without a doctor’s advice.
Use sterile saline spray to avoid infections.
Avoid overuse—excessive saline can sometimes cause dryness.
Cough Syrups
Cough syrups for children should be used with caution, as many over-the-counter (OTC) cough medicines are not recommended for kids under 6 years old. In most cases, honey, warm fluids, and humidifiers are safer and more effective.
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips for Using Cough Syrup
1. Follow Age & Dosage Guidelines
- Avoid OTC cough syrups in children under 6 years unless advised by a doctor.
- Always check the correct dose based on weight & age.
2. Use the Right Measuring Tool
- Use the dosing syringe or cup provided (not a kitchen spoon).
3. Never Give Adult Medications to Kids
- Children’s formulations are designed for their metabolism and safety.
3. Allergy Medications:
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergies, hay fever, colds, and insect bites in children. They help relieve symptoms like: Sneezing Runny or stuffy nose Itchy eyes, nose, or throat Hives and skin rashes
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips for Antihistamines
Use only if necessary – Avoid daily use unless prescribed. Check for drowsiness – First-gen antihistamines can cause sleepiness. Do NOT mix with other sedatives – Can increase drowsiness. Avoid in infants under 1 year unless prescribed. For seasonal allergies, second-gen antihistamines (Cetirizine, Loratadine) are preferred since they are non-drowsy.
Topical Hydrocortisone Cream
Hydrocortisone cream is a mild steroid used to reduce redness, itching, swelling, and inflammation caused by skin conditions such as: Eczema Insect bites Rashes (including allergic reactions) Contact dermatitis (from soaps, plants, or chemicals) Mild psoriasis
Safety Guidelines
Do NOT use for more than 7 days without consulting a doctor. Avoid using on babies under 2 years old unless prescribed. Do NOT apply to large areas of the body. Use only mild 0.5%–1% hydrocortisone cream for kids. Stop use if irritation, burning, or worsening symptoms occur.
4. Digestive Issues:
Laxatives
Laxatives help relieve constipation in children, but they should be used with caution and preferably under a doctor’s guidance. In most cases, increasing fiber, fluids, and exercise is the best approach before trying laxatives.
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips for Using Laxatives in Children
Start with natural remedies – Encourage high-fiber foods, water, and exercise before using laxatives. Use osmotic laxatives first – Miralax or lactulose are the safest long-term options. Avoid frequent stimulant laxatives – They can cause dependency. Do NOT use enemas regularly – They should be a last resort. Consult a doctor if constipation lasts more than 2 weeks.
Antacids
Antacids are used to relieve acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion in children. However, they should only be used occasionally and under medical guidance for young children.
Types of Antacids for Kids
Calcium-Based Antacids (Mild, safe for occasional use)
- Calcium carbonate (Tums, Children’s Pepto-Bismol) – Neutralizes stomach acid.
- Best for: Mild acid reflux, heartburn.
Magnesium/Aluminum-Based Antacids (Stronger, but can cause diarrhea or constipation)
- Maalox, Mylanta, Gaviscon – Work quickly but should not be used long-term.
- Best for: Occasional stomach upset, acid reflux.
H2 Blockers & Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) (For frequent reflux, prescribed by doctors)
- Famotidine (Pepcid) – Reduces stomach acid production, used for GERD.
- Omeprazole (Prilosec), Lansoprazole (Prevacid) – PPIs for more severe acid reflux.
- Best for: Frequent or chronic acid reflux (doctor’s advice needed).
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips for Antacids in Children
Use only for occasional relief – Frequent symptoms may need medical evaluation. Do NOT give to infants under 2 years unless prescribed. Avoid aluminum-based antacids in young children (risk of toxicity). Avoid Pepto-Bismol (adult version) – It contains bismuth subsalicylate, which is not safe for kids under 12. For frequent reflux, ask a doctor about H2 blockers or PPIs.
5. Skin and Minor Injuries:
Aloe Vera Gel
Aloe vera gel is a natural remedy known for its cooling, soothing, and healing properties. It is commonly used for: Minor burns (including sunburn) Insect bites & stings Skin irritation & rashes Minor cuts & scrapes Dry or itchy skin (including mild eczema)
Safety Tips for Using Aloe Vera on Kids
Use only pure, 100% aloe vera gel (without added alcohol, dyes, or fragrances). Patch test first (apply a small amount to see if irritation occurs). Do NOT use on deep wounds or severe burns—seek medical care. Avoid ingesting aloe vera gel—oral use can cause diarrhea or stomach upset in children.
6. Vitamins and Supplements:
Multivitamins: Pediatric multivitamins can help fill nutritional gaps in a child’s diet, but they should be used according to a pediatrician’s recommendations.
Calcium: Serves as a health supplement. Provides strength to bones and teeth. Optimizes absorption of calcium in body.
Safe Use of Vitamins & Supplements for Kids
Follow age-appropriate dosages – Avoid adult doses. Choose sugar-free or natural options – Some gummy vitamins have excess sugar. Store vitamins safely – Keep out of reach to prevent accidental overdose. Talk to a doctor before starting supplements, especially iron, which can be harmful in excess.
7. Anti-nausea and Vomiting:
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a scientifically balanced mixture of water, salts, and glucose used to prevent and treat dehydration caused by: Diarrhea Vomiting Fever Excessive sweating (heat exhaustion)
ORS is crucial in preventing dehydration, especially in young children.
Ondansetron
Ondansetron (Zofran) is a prescription medication used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting in children. It is commonly used for:
Gastroenteritis (stomach flu) to reduce vomiting Post-surgery nausea Nausea from chemotherapy or radiation therapy
Dosage Guidelines
Safety Tips:
- Correct Dosage: Always follow the dosing instructions on the label or as prescribed by your doctor. Using a medicine dropper or dosing cup can help ensure accuracy.
- Avoid Adult Medications: Do not give adult medications to children unless explicitly recommended by a healthcare provider.
- Keep Track of All Medications: Be aware of any other medications your child is taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
